labarai

Ka'idar aiki na inductance ba ta da kyau sosai. Don bayyana abin da inductance yake, mun fara daga ainihin abin mamaki na jiki.

1. Abubuwan al'amura guda biyu da doka ɗaya: magnetism wanda ke haifar da wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki mai haifar da magnetism, da dokar Lenz

1.1 Electromagnetic sabon abu

Akwai gwaji a cikin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na makarantar sakandare: lokacin da aka sanya ƙaramin allurar maganadisu kusa da madugu tare da halin yanzu, jagorar ƙaramar allurar maganadisu ta karkata, wanda ke nuna cewa akwai filin maganadisu a kusa da halin yanzu. Masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan kasar Denmark Oersted ne ya gano wannan al'amari a cikin 1820.

Idan muka hura madubin zuwa cikin da’ira, filayen maganadisu da kowane da’irar madugu ke samarwa zai iya haɗuwa, kuma gaba ɗaya filin maganadisu zai yi ƙarfi, wanda zai iya jawo ƙananan abubuwa. A cikin adadi, ana samun kuzari tare da halin yanzu na 2 ~ 3A. Lura cewa enameled waya yana da ƙididdiga na yanzu iyaka, in ba haka ba zai narke saboda yawan zafin jiki.

2. Magnetoelectricity sabon abu

A shekara ta 1831, masanin kimiyar Biritaniya Faraday ya gano cewa lokacin da wani ɓangaren madugu na rufaffiyar da'ira ya motsa don yanke filin maganadisu, za a samar da wutar lantarki akan madubin. Abin da ake bukata shi ne cewa kewayawa da filin maganadisu suna cikin yanayi mai canzawa, don haka ana kiransa “tsanaki” magnetoelectricity, kuma abin da aka samar ana kiransa induced current.

Za mu iya yin gwaji tare da mota. A cikin injin goga na kowa na DC, ɓangaren stator magnet ne na dindindin kuma ɓangaren na'ura mai jujjuyawa shine jagorar coil. Juyawa rotor da hannu yana nufin cewa jagoran yana motsawa don yanke layukan maganadisu na ƙarfi. Yin amfani da oscilloscope don haɗa na'urorin lantarki guda biyu na motar, ana iya auna canjin ƙarfin lantarki. An yi janareta ne bisa wannan ka'ida.

3. Dokar Lenz

Lenz's Law: Jagoran halin yanzu da aka haifar ta hanyar canjin motsin maganadisu shine alkiblar da ke adawa da canjin yanayin maganadisu.

Sauƙaƙan fahimtar wannan jimla ita ce: lokacin da filin maganadisu (filin maganadisu na waje) na mahallin madugu ya yi ƙarfi, filin maganadisu da ke haifar da shi ta hanyar jan hankalinsa ya saba wa filin maganadisu na waje, wanda ke sa gabaɗayan filin maganadisu ya yi rauni fiye da na waje. filin maganadisu. Lokacin da filin maganadisu (filin maganadisu na waje) na mahallin mahaɗar ya yi rauni, filin maganadisu da ke haifar da shi ta halin yanzu ya saba wa filin maganadisu na waje, yana sa gabaɗayan filin maganadisu ya fi ƙarfin filin maganadisu na waje.

Ana iya amfani da Dokar Lenz don tantance alkiblar da aka jawo a cikin da'ira.

2. Spiral tube coil - yana bayanin yadda inductor ke aiki Tare da sanin abubuwan abubuwan da ke sama biyu da doka ɗaya, bari mu ga yadda inductor ke aiki.

Mafi sauƙaƙan inductor shine murhun bututu mai karkace:

Halin da ake ciki a lokacin kunnawa

Mun yanke karamin sashi na bututun karkace kuma muna iya ganin coils biyu, coil A da coil B:

A lokacin aikin wutar lantarki, halin da ake ciki shine kamar haka:

①Coil A yana wucewa ta hanyar halin yanzu, yana ɗaukan cewa jagorarsa yana kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar shuɗi mai ƙarfi, wanda ake kira halin yanzu tashin hankali na waje;
② Bisa ga ka'idar electromagnetism, halin yanzu na motsa jiki na waje yana haifar da filin maganadisu, wanda ya fara yaduwa a cikin sararin samaniya kuma ya rufe coil B, wanda yayi daidai da coil B yana yanke layukan maganadisu na karfi, kamar yadda aka nuna ta layin shuɗi mai dige;
③ Bisa ga ka'idar magnetoelectricity, ana haifar da halin yanzu a cikin coil B, kuma jagorancinsa yana nunawa ta hanyar layin kore mai ƙarfi, wanda ya saba da halin yanzu na tashin hankali na waje;
④ Bisa ga dokar Lenz, filin maganadisu wanda aka haifar da halin yanzu shine don magance filin maganadisu na halin yanzu na tashin hankali na waje, kamar yadda aka nuna ta layin koren dige;

Halin da ake ciki bayan kunna wutar lantarki ya tabbata (DC)

Bayan da wutar lantarki ta tsaya tsayin daka, yanayin motsa jiki na waje na coil A yana dawwama, kuma filin maganadisu da yake samarwa shima akai akai. Filin maganadisu ba shi da motsin dangi tare da coil B, don haka babu magnetoelectricity, kuma babu wani halin yanzu da ke wakilta ta koren m layi. A wannan lokacin, inductor yana daidai da ɗan gajeren lokaci don tashin hankali na waje.

3. Halayen inductance: halin yanzu ba zai iya canzawa ba zato ba tsammani

Bayan fahimtar yadda waniinductoryana aiki, bari mu kalli halayensa mafi mahimmanci - na yanzu a cikin inductor ba zai iya canzawa ba zato ba tsammani.

A cikin adadi, axis a kwance na madaidaiciyar madaidaicin lokaci ne, kuma axis na tsaye shine halin yanzu akan inductor. Lokacin da aka rufe canjin ana ɗaukar shi azaman asalin lokaci.

Ana iya ganin cewa:1. A halin yanzu an rufe maɓalli, na yanzu akan inductor shine 0A, wanda yayi daidai da inductor yana buɗewa. Wannan shi ne saboda saurin halin yanzu yana canzawa sosai, wanda zai haifar da babban ƙarfin halin yanzu (kore) don tsayayya da motsin motsi na waje (blue);

2. A yayin da ake ci gaba da kaiwa ga daidaito, halin yanzu akan inductor yana canzawa sosai;

3. Bayan an kai ga tsayuwar daka, abin da ke kan inductor shine I=E/R, wanda yake daidai da inductor yana gajere;

4. Daidai da halin da ake ciki shine ƙarfin lantarki da aka haifar, wanda ke aiki don magance E, don haka ake kira Back EMF (reverse electromotive force);

4. Menene ainihin inductance?

Ana amfani da inductance don kwatanta ƙarfin na'urar don tsayayya da canje-canje na yanzu. Ƙarfin ƙarfin tsayayya da canje-canje na yanzu, mafi girma inductance, kuma akasin haka.

Don tashin hankali na DC, inductor yana ƙarshe a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci (ƙarfin wutar lantarki shine 0). Duk da haka, yayin aiwatar da wutar lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu ba 0 ba ne, wanda ke nufin akwai wuta. Tsarin tara wannan makamashi ana kiransa caji. Yana adana wannan makamashi a cikin nau'i na filin maganadisu kuma yana fitar da makamashi lokacin da ake buƙata (kamar lokacin da tashin hankali na waje ba zai iya kula da girman halin yanzu a cikin tsayayyen yanayi ba).

Inductor na'urori ne marasa aiki a filin lantarki. Na'urori marasa amfani ba sa son canje-canje, kamar masu tashi sama a cikin kuzari. Suna da wuya su fara juyi da farko, kuma da zarar sun fara juyi, suna da wahalar tsayawa. Dukkan tsari yana tare da canjin makamashi.

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