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Ko da yake shaƙewar yanayin gama gari sananne ne, wata yuwuwar ita ce tacewa ta monolithic EMI. Idan shimfidar wuri ta kasance mai ma'ana, waɗannan abubuwan haɗin yumbu masu yawa na iya samar da kyakkyawan yanayin danne amo na gama gari.
Abubuwa da yawa suna ƙara yawan tsangwama "amo" wanda zai iya lalata ko tsoma baki tare da ayyukan na'urorin lantarki. Motar yau misali ce. A cikin mota, zaku iya samun Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, rediyon tauraron dan adam, tsarin GPS, kuma wannan shine farkon. Domin sarrafa irin wannan katsalandan na amo, masana'antu yawanci suna amfani da garkuwa da tacewa na EMI don kawar da hayaniya maras so. Amma yanzu wasu hanyoyin maganin gargajiya don kawar da EMI/RFI ba su da amfani.
Wannan matsalar ta haifar da OEM da yawa don guje wa zaɓi kamar bambancin capacitor 2, 3-capacitor (capacitor X ɗaya da capacitors Y biyu), masu tacewa, shaƙewar yanayin gama gari, ko haɗa waɗannan don samun mafi dacewa mafita. Misali, a cikin Monolithic EMI tace tare da mafi kyawun murƙushe amo a cikin ƙaramin fakiti.
Lokacin da kayan lantarki suka karɓi igiyoyin lantarki masu ƙarfi, za a iya jawo igiyoyin da ba a so a cikin da'irar kuma su haifar da aiki na bazata-ko tsoma baki tare da aikin da aka yi niyya.
EMI/RFI na iya kasancewa a cikin sifar da aka gudanar ko kuma mai fitar da hayaki. Lokacin da aka gudanar da EMI, yana nufin cewa hayaniya ta yaɗu tare da masu gudanar da lantarki. Lokacin da ake yaɗa hayaniya a cikin iska a cikin nau'in filin maganadisu ko raƙuman radiyo, EMI mai haskakawa yana faruwa.
Ko da makamashin da ake amfani da shi daga waje kadan ne, idan aka hada shi da igiyoyin rediyo da ake amfani da su wajen yada labarai da sadarwa, hakan zai haifar da gazawar liyafar liyafar, karan sautin da ba a saba ba, ko kuma katsewar bidiyo. Idan makamashi ya yi ƙarfi sosai, kayan lantarki na iya lalacewa.
Tushen sun haɗa da hayaniya ta yanayi (kamar fitarwar lantarki, walƙiya, da sauran maɓuɓɓuka) da hayaniya ta wucin gadi (kamar surutun lamba, amfani da na'urorin zubar da ruwa mai yawa, radiation mai cutarwa, da sauransu). Gabaɗaya, hayaniyar EMI/RFI ita ce hayaniyar yanayin gama gari, don haka mafita ita ce a yi amfani da matattarar EMI don kawar da manyan mitoci maras so a matsayin na'ura dabam ko sanya a cikin allon kewayawa.
Fitar EMI filter EMI yawanci yana kunshe ne da abubuwan da ba za a iya amfani da su ba, kamar capacitors da inductor, waɗanda aka haɗa su don ƙirƙirar da'ira.
"Inductors suna ba da damar DC ko ƙananan mitar halin yanzu su wuce, yayin da suke toshe igiyoyin igiyoyin ruwa maras so maras so. Capacitors suna ba da hanyar da ba ta da ƙarfi don canja wurin sauti mai girma daga shigar da tacewa zuwa wutar lantarki ko haɗin ƙasa, "in ji Johanson Dielectrics Christophe Cambrelin ya ce kamfanin yana yin multilayer ceramic capacitors da EMI tacewa.
Hanyoyin tacewa na al'ada na al'ada sun haɗa da matattara masu ƙarancin wucewa ta amfani da capacitors waɗanda ke wuce sigina tare da mitoci ƙasa da zaɓin yanke yankewa da rage sigina tare da mitoci sama da mitar yanke.
Mafarin farawa na gama gari shine a yi amfani da nau'i-nau'i na capacitors a cikin wani tsari na daban, ta yin amfani da capacitor tsakanin kowace alama da ƙasa na shigarwar bambancin. Tacewar capacitor a kowane reshe yana canja wurin EMI/RFI zuwa ƙasa sama da ƙayyadadden mitar yankewa. Tun da wannan tsarin ya ƙunshi aika sigina na kishiyar lokaci ta wayoyi biyu, yana inganta sigina-zuwa amo yayin aika ƙarar da ba a so zuwa ƙasa.
"Abin takaici, ƙimar ƙarfin MLCCs tare da dielectrics X7R (yawanci ana amfani dashi don wannan aikin) ya bambanta sosai tare da lokaci, ƙarfin lantarki, da zafin jiki," in ji Cambrelin.
“Don haka ko da waɗannan capacitors guda biyu sun yi daidai da yanayin zafi na ɗaki da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, a wani lokaci, da zarar lokacin, ƙarfin lantarki, ko yanayin zafi ya canza, wataƙila za su ƙare da ƙima daban-daban. Irin wannan tsakanin layi biyu Rashin daidaituwa zai haifar da martani mara daidaituwa kusa da yanke tace. Don haka, yana jujjuya surutu na gama-gari zuwa surutu daban-daban.”
Wata mafita ita ce gadar babban ƙarfin “X” capacitor tsakanin ma’aunin “Y” guda biyu. “X” capacitor shunt na iya samar da tasirin daidaita yanayin gama-gari, amma zai haifar da illar siginar da ba a ke so ba. Watakila mafi yawan maganin da aka fi sani da kuma madadin matatun mai ƙarancin wucewa sune shaƙewar yanayin gama gari.
Yanayin gama-gari shine na'urar wuta ta 1:1 wanda duka iska biyu ke aiki azaman firamare da sakandare. A cikin wannan hanyar, halin yanzu da ke wucewa ta hanyar iska ɗaya yana haifar da kishiyar halin yanzu a cikin ɗayan. Abin takaici, shaƙewar yanayin gama gari suma suna da nauyi, tsada, kuma suna da saurin gazawa ta hanyar girgiza.
Duk da haka, madaidaicin yanayin shaƙa na gama gari tare da cikakkiyar madaidaici da haɗa haɗin kai tsakanin iska yana bayyana ga sigina na banbanta kuma yana da babban cikas ga hayaniyar yanayin gama gari. Ɗayan rashin lahani na shaƙewar yanayin gama gari shine ƙayyadadden kewayon mitar da ke haifar da iyawar parasitic. Don ainihin abin da aka ba da, mafi girman inductance da ake amfani da shi don samun ƙananan tacewa, mafi girman adadin juyowar da ake buƙata da ƙarfin parasitic da ke zuwa tare da shi, yana sa babban tacewa ba ya aiki.
Rashin daidaituwa a cikin jurewar masana'antar injina tsakanin iska na iya haifar da jujjuya yanayi, wanda ɓangaren ƙarfin siginar ke jujjuya su zuwa hayaniyar gama gari, kuma akasin haka. Wannan halin da ake ciki zai haifar da daidaitawar electromagnetic da al'amurran rigakafi. Rashin daidaituwa kuma yana rage tasiri mai tasiri na kowace kafa.
A kowane hali, lokacin da siginar banbanta (wucewa) ke aiki a cikin kewayon mitar guda ɗaya da hayaniyar yanayin gama gari wanda dole ne a danne, shaƙan yanayin gama gari yana da fa'ida mai mahimmanci akan sauran zaɓuɓɓuka. Yin amfani da maƙarƙashiya na yanayin gama gari, siginar wucewar siginar za a iya mika shi zuwa madaidaicin yanayin dakatarwa.
Monolithic EMI tace Ko da yake shaƙuwar yanayin gama gari sananne ne, wata yuwuwar ita ce matattarar EMI monolithic. Idan shimfidar wuri ta kasance mai ma'ana, waɗannan abubuwan haɗin yumbu masu yawa na iya samar da kyakkyawan yanayin danne amo na gama gari. Suna haɗa madaidaitan madaidaitan capacitors guda biyu a cikin fakiti ɗaya, wanda ke da sokewar inductance na juna da tasirin kariya. Waɗannan masu tacewa suna amfani da hanyoyin lantarki masu zaman kansu guda biyu a cikin na'ura ɗaya da aka haɗa da haɗin waje huɗu.
Don hana rudani, ya kamata a lura cewa matatar EMI monolithic ba ta gargajiya ba ce ta capacitor. Ko da yake suna kama (kunshin da kamanni iri ɗaya), ƙirarsu ta bambanta sosai, kuma hanyoyin haɗin su ma sun bambanta. Kamar sauran masu tacewa na EMI, matattar EMI monolithic yana rage duk kuzari sama da ƙayyadaddun mitar yankewa, kuma kawai yana zaɓar ƙarfin siginar da ake buƙata don wucewa, yayin da yake canza karar da ba'a so zuwa “ƙasa”.
Koyaya, mabuɗin yana da ƙarancin inductance kuma madaidaicin impedance. Don matatar EMI monolithic, an haɗa tasha a ciki zuwa ga na'urar da aka saba amfani da ita (garkuwa) a cikin na'urar, kuma an raba allon ta hanyar lantarki. Ta fuskar wutar lantarki a tsaye, nodes ɗin lantarki guda uku suna samuwa ta hanyar capacitive halves guda biyu, waɗanda ke raba na'urar tantancewa ta gama-gari, duk na'urorin lantarki suna ƙunshe a jikin yumbu ɗaya.
Ma'auni tsakanin rabi biyu na capacitor kuma yana nufin cewa tasirin piezoelectric daidai yake da akasin haka, yana soke juna. Wannan dangantakar kuma tana shafar canje-canje a yanayin zafi da ƙarfin lantarki, don haka abubuwan da ke kan layin biyu suna da digiri iri ɗaya na tsufa. Idan waɗannan matattarar EMI monolithic suna da asara, ba za a iya amfani da su ba idan hayaniyar yanayin gama gari ta kasance mitar sigina iri ɗaya. "A wannan yanayin, shaƙawar yanayin gama gari shine mafi kyawun mafita," in ji Cambrelin.
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