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A cikin duniyarmu mai kyau, aminci, inganci da aiki suna da mahimmanci.A lokuta da yawa, duk da haka, farashin kayan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, ciki har da ferrite, ya zama abin da aka ƙayyade. farashi.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na abubuwan da ake buƙata na kayan aiki da ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci suna ƙayyade ta kowane takamaiman aikace-aikacen. Abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da ke gudanar da aiki a cikin ƙananan matakan sigina sune lalacewa (musamman zafin jiki), ƙananan asarar hasara, da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau akan lokaci da zafin jiki. Aikace-aikace sun haɗa da high-Q inductor, na kowa yanayin inductor, broadband, matching da pulse transformers, rediyo abubuwan eriya, da aiki da kuma m repeaters.Don ikon aikace-aikace, babban juyi yawa da kuma low asara a aiki mita da kuma zafin jiki ne kyawawa halaye.Applications sun hada da canji-mode ikon samar da wutar lantarki ga. Cajin baturin abin hawa na lantarki, Magnetic amplifiers, DC-DC masu canza wuta, masu tace wuta, coils na kunna wuta, da masu canza wuta.
Abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da ke da tasiri mafi girma akan aikin ferrite mai laushi a cikin aikace-aikacen kashewa shine hadaddun permeability [1], wanda yayi daidai da rashin daidaituwa na ainihin. Na farko, kuma mafi ƙarancin na kowa, shine garkuwa mai amfani, inda ake amfani da ferrite don keɓance masu gudanarwa, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa ko da'irori daga yanayin filin lantarki mai haskakawa. tace, watau inductance – capacitive at low frequencies and dissipation at high frequencies.Na uku kuma mafi yawan amfani da shi ne lokacin da ferrite cores kadai ake amfani da ferrite cores kadai domin bangaren jagoranci ko allon-matakin da'ira. A cikin wannan aikace-aikace, ferrite core hana duk wani parasitic oscillations da/ A cikin aikace-aikace na biyu da na uku, ferrite cores suna kashe EMI ta hanyar kawar da ko rage yawan igiyoyin ruwa da aka zana ta hanyar EMI. Gabatarwar ferrite yana samar da wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin adadin mitar da zai iya kashe magudanar ruwa mai girma. A ka'idar, ferrite mai kyau zai samar da babban cikas a mitoci na EMI da sifili a duk sauran mitoci. Za'a iya samun matsakaicin matsawa tsakanin 10 MHz da 500 MHz dangane da kayan ferrite.
Tun da yake daidai da ka'idodin aikin injiniya na lantarki, inda wutar lantarki na AC da halin yanzu ke wakilta ta hanyar sigogi masu rikitarwa, ana iya bayyana ma'auni na kayan aiki a matsayin ma'auni mai mahimmanci wanda ya ƙunshi sassa na gaske da kuma tunanin. Permeability ya kasu kashi biyu. Ainihin ɓangaren (μ') yana wakiltar ɓangaren amsawa, wanda ke cikin lokaci tare da filin maganadisu mai canzawa [2], yayin da ɓangaren tunanin (μ") yana wakiltar hasara, waɗanda ba su da lokaci tare da a madadin filin maganadisu. Ana iya bayyana waɗannan azaman jerin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa (μs'μs”) ko a cikin layi daya bangaren (µp'µp"). Hotunan da ke cikin Figures 1, 2, da 3 suna nuna jerin abubuwan haɗin gwargwado na farko a matsayin aikin mitar kayan ferrite guda uku. Nau'in nau'in 73 shine manganese-zinc ferrite, Magnetic na farko The conductivity shine 2500. Nau'in nau'in 43 shine nickel zinc ferrite tare da permeability na farko na 850. Nau'in nau'in 61 shine nickel zinc ferrite tare da permeability na farko na 125.
Mayar da hankali ga jerin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in 61 a cikin Hoto 3, mun ga cewa ainihin ɓangaren haɓakawa, μs', yana ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ƙara yawan mita har sai an kai mita mai mahimmanci, sa'an nan kuma ya ragu da sauri. Asara ko μs" ya tashi. sannan yayi kololuwa yayin da μs ya fado. Wannan raguwar μs' yana faruwa ne saboda farawar sautin ferrimagnetic. [3] Ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi girma da haɓakawa, mafi yawan ƙananan mitar. Snoek ne ya fara lura da wannan alaƙar sabanin kuma ya ba da dabara mai zuwa:
inda: ƒres = μs” mitar a matsakaicin γ = gyromagnetic rabo = 0.22 x 106 A-1 m μi = permeability na farko Msat = 250-350 Am-1
Tun da muryoyin ferrite da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙananan sigina da aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki suna mayar da hankali kan sigogin maganadisu da ke ƙasa da wannan mitar, masana'antun ferrite ba safai suke buga bayanan dalla-dalla da/ko bayanan asara a mitoci mafi girma.Duk da haka, mafi girman bayanan mitar yana da mahimmanci yayin ƙayyadaddun muryoyin ferrite don murkushe EMI.
Halin da yawancin masana'antun ferrite ke ƙayyade ga abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don EMI suppression shine impedance. Ana iya aunawa da sauƙi a kan na'urar bincike ta kasuwanci tare da karatun dijital kai tsaye. Duk da yake wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci, sau da yawa bai isa ba, musamman ma lokacin yin ƙirar aikin kewayawa na ferrite. Don cimma wannan, ƙimar impedance da kusurwar lokaci na ɓangaren, ko haɗaɗɗen permeability na takamaiman kayan, dole ne a samu.
Amma ko da kafin fara yin samfuri na kayan aikin ferrite a cikin da'ira, masu zanen kaya ya kamata su san abubuwan masu zuwa:
inda μ'= ainihin sashi na hadadden permeability μ”= bangaren hasashe na hadadden rudani j = hasashe vector na naúrar Lo = iskar core inductance
Har ila yau ana la'akari da impedance na baƙin ƙarfe a matsayin jerin haɗakar da inductive reactance (XL) da kuma juriya asara (Rs), duka biyun sun dogara da mitar. Cibiyoyin da ba su da hasara za su sami impedance da aka bayar ta hanyar amsawa:
inda: Rs = jimlar juriyar juriya = Rm + Re Rm = daidai juriya na juriya saboda asarar maganadisu Re = daidai juriya ga asarar jan karfe
A ƙananan mitoci, ƙaddamarwar ɓangaren shine da farko inductive.Yayin da mitar ya karu, inductance yana raguwa yayin da asarar ya karu kuma jimlar rashin ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa.Hoto na 4 shine ma'auni na al'ada na XL, Rs da Z tare da mita don kayan aikin mu na matsakaici. .
Sa'an nan amsawar inductive ya yi daidai da ainihin ɓangaren maɗaukakin maɗaukaki, ta Lo, inductance na iska-core:
Juriyar asara kuma tayi daidai da ɓangarorin haƙiƙa na ƙaƙƙarfan ruɗaɗɗen maɗaukaki iri ɗaya:
A cikin Equation 9, an ba da ainihin kayan ta µs' da µs", kuma core geometry ya ba da Lo.Saboda haka, bayan sanin hadaddun ruɗaɗɗen ferrite daban-daban, ana iya yin kwatancen don samun mafi dacewa kayan a abin da ake so. mita ko kewayon mitar.Bayan zabar mafi kyawun abu, lokaci ya yi da za a zaɓi mafi kyawun abubuwan girman girman.An nuna alamar vector na rikitarwa mai rikitarwa da rashin ƙarfi a cikin hoto na 5.
Kwatanta ainihin siffofi da kayan mahimmanci don inganta haɓakawa yana da sauƙi idan mai sana'a ya ba da jadawali na rikitarwa mai rikitarwa tare da mita don kayan aikin ferrite da aka ba da shawarar don aikace-aikacen murkushewa. masu lankwasa.Daga wannan bayanan ana iya samun kwatancen kayan da aka yi amfani da su don inganta rashin ƙarfi na asali.
Dangane da Hoto na 6, madaidaicin farko da rarrabuwar kawuna [4] na Fair-Rite 73 abu tare da mita, yana tsammanin mai zane yana so ya ba da garantin matsakaicin matsakaici tsakanin 100 da 900 kHz. An zaɓi kayan 73. Don dalilai na ƙirar ƙira, mai zanen kuma yana buƙatar fahimtar sassan amsawa da juriya na vector na impedance a 100 kHz (105 Hz) da 900 kHz. Ana iya samun wannan bayanin daga ginshiƙi mai zuwa:
A 100kHz μs '= μi = 2500 da (Tan δ / μi) = 7 x 10-6 saboda Tan δ = μs "/ μs' sannan μs" = (Tan δ / μi) x (μi) 2 = 43.8
Ya kamata a lura cewa, kamar yadda ake tsammani, μ” yana ƙara kaɗan zuwa jimlar ɓarna a cikin wannan ƙananan mitar. Maƙarƙashiya na ainihin shine galibi inductive.
Masu zanen kaya sun san cewa ainihin dole ne ya karbi waya # 22 kuma ya dace da sararin samaniya 10 mm x 5. Za a ƙayyade diamita na ciki a matsayin 0.8 mm. Don warware matsalolin da aka kiyasta da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da shi, da farko zaɓi wani bead tare da diamita na waje. 10 mm da tsawo na 5 mm:
Z= ωLo (2500.38) = (6.28 x 105) x .0461 x log10 (5/.8) x 10 x (2500.38) x 10-8= 5.76 ohms a 100 kHz
A wannan yanayin, kamar yadda a mafi yawan lokuta, matsakaicin matsa lamba yana samuwa ta amfani da ƙaramin OD tare da tsayi mai tsayi. Idan ID ya fi girma, misali 4mm, kuma akasin haka.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da hanya iri ɗaya idan an samar da maƙallan impedance a kowane raka'a Lo da kusurwar lokaci tare da mita. Hoto na 9, 10 da 11 suna wakiltar irin wannan lanƙwasa don abubuwa guda uku da aka yi amfani da su a nan.
Masu zanen kaya suna so su ba da garantin matsakaicin matsakaici akan mita 25 MHz zuwa 100 MHz. Wurin da ke samuwa ya sake zama 10mm x 5mm kuma ainihin dole ne ya karbi waya # 22 awg. Yana nufin Hoto 7 don impedance naúrar Lo na kayan ferrite guda uku, ko Hoto na 8 don hadaddun iyawar abubuwa guda uku, zaɓi kayan 850 μi.[5] Yin amfani da jadawali a cikin Hoto 9, Z/Lo na matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin abu shine 350 x 108 ohm/H a 25 MHz. Warware don ƙididdigewa mai ƙima:
Tattaunawar da ta gabata tana ɗauka cewa ainihin zaɓin silindical ne. Idan ana amfani da muryoyin ferrite don kebul ɗin ribbon, igiyoyi masu ɗaure, ko faranti mai faɗuwa, lissafin Lo ya zama mafi wahala, kuma dole ne a sami madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar tsayin hanya da ingantaccen adadi na yanki. don ƙididdige inductance na iska .Wannan za a iya yi ta hanyar yin lissafi ta hanyar slicing ainihin kuma ƙara tsawon hanyar da aka ƙididdigewa da yanki na magnetic don kowane yanki. tsayi/tsawon jigon ferrite.[6]
Kamar yadda aka ambata, yawancin masana'antun suna ƙididdige ƙididdiga don aikace-aikacen EMI dangane da rashin ƙarfi, amma mai amfani na ƙarshe yakan buƙaci sanin attenuation. Alakar da ke tsakanin waɗannan sigogi biyu ita ce:
Wannan alaƙar ta dogara ne da rashin ƙarfi na tushen da ke haifar da amo da rashin ƙarfi na nauyin da ke karɓar amo.Wadannan dabi'u yawanci lambobi ne masu rikitarwa, waɗanda kewayon su na iya zama marasa iyaka, kuma ba sa samuwa ga mai zanen. 1 ohm don nauyin kaya da maɓuɓɓugar tushe, wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da tushen ya kasance mai samar da wutar lantarki ta yanayin sauyawa kuma yana ɗorawa da yawa ƙananan ƙananan da'irori, yana sauƙaƙe ma'auni kuma yana ba da damar kwatanta attenuation na ferrite cores.
Hoton da ke cikin Hoto na 12 saitin lankwasa ne da ke nuna alakar da ke tsakanin shingen shinge na garkuwa da rage yawan kima na yau da kullun na kaya tare da impedance janareta.
Hoto 13 daidaitaccen da'ira ce ta tushen tsangwama tare da juriya na ciki na Zs. Ana haifar da siginar tsangwama ta jerin impedance Zsc na maƙasudin core da ɗora nauyi ZL.
Figures 14 da 15 su ne zane-zane na impedance tare da zafin jiki don nau'in nau'in ferrite guda uku. Mafi kwanciyar hankali na waɗannan kayan shine kayan 61 tare da raguwa na 8% a cikin 100º C da 100 MHz. Ya bambanta, kayan 43 sun nuna 25. %.
Kamar yadda yanayin zafi, DC da 50 ko 60 Hz na samar da igiyoyin ruwa suma suna shafar kaddarorin ferrite iri ɗaya, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa. .Wannan madaidaicin yana kwatanta lalatawar impedance a matsayin aikin ƙarfin filin don wani abu na musamman a matsayin aiki na mita.Ya kamata a lura da cewa tasirin rashin tausayi yana raguwa yayin da mita ke ƙaruwa.
Tun lokacin da aka tattara wannan bayanan, samfuran Fair-Rite sun gabatar da sabbin kayan aiki guda biyu. 44 namu shine nickel-zinc matsakaici kayan haɓakawa kuma 31 ɗinmu shine kayan haɓakar manganese-zinc.
Hoto 19 wani makirci ne na impedance tare da mita don beads na girman girman guda a cikin kayan 31, 73, 44 da 43. Kayan 44 shine ingantaccen kayan 43 tare da tsayayyar DC mafi girma, 109 ohm cm, mafi kyawun abubuwan girgiza thermal, kwanciyar hankali da zafin jiki mafi girma Curie zafin jiki (Tc) .The 44 abu yana da dan kadan mafi girma impedance a kan mita halaye idan aka kwatanta da mu 43 abu. The a tsaye abu 31 yana nuna mafi girma impedance fiye da ko dai 43 ko 44 a kan dukan auna mitar kewayon.The 31 an tsara don rage da matsalar resonance mai girma wanda ke shafar ƙarancin aikin rage mitar manganese-zinc mai girma kuma an yi nasarar amfani da shi zuwa abubuwan da ke hana haɗin kebul da manyan muryoyin toroidal.Hoto 20 makirci ne na impedance tare da mitar kayan 43, 31, da 73 don Fair -Rite cores tare da 0.562 ″ OD, 0.250 ID, da 1.125 HT. Lokacin kwatanta Hoto 19 da Hoto 20, ya kamata a lura cewa don ƙananan muryoyi, don mitoci har zuwa 25 MHz, kayan 73 shine mafi kyawun kayan hanawa. Koyaya, yayin da babban sashin giciye yana ƙaruwa, matsakaicin mitar yana raguwa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin bayanai a cikin Hoto 20, 73 shine mafi kyawun mitar mafi girma shine 8 MHz. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kayan 31 suna aiki da kyau a cikin kewayon mitar daga 8 MHz zuwa 300 MHz. Duk da haka, a matsayin manganese zinc ferrite, kayan 31 yana da ƙananan juzu'i na 102 ohms -cm, kuma mafi yawan canje-canje tare da matsanancin zafin jiki.
Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙarfafawa ) /ID) Ht 10-8 (H) Girma suna cikin mm
Attenuation - A (dB) Rage girman sigina a watsawa daga aya zuwa wani. Yana da ma'auni na girman girman shigarwa zuwa girman fitarwa, a cikin decibels.
Core Constant - C1 (cm-1) Jimlar tsawon tsayin hanyar maganadisu na kowane sashe na da'irar maganadisu da aka raba ta daidai yankin maganadisu na wannan sashe.
Core Constant – C2 (cm-3) Jimlar tsayin da'irar maganadisu na kowane sashe na da'irar maganadisu da aka raba ta wurin murabba'in yankin maganadisu daidai wannan sashe.
Ingantattun ma'auni na yanki na hanyar maganadisu Ae (cm2), tsayin hanyar le (cm) da ƙarar Ve (cm3) Don ginshiƙan ƙirar ƙira, ana ɗauka cewa tsayin hanyar maganadisu, yanki giciye, da ƙarar Toroidal core yana da kaddarorin kayan abu iri ɗaya kamar Kayan ya kamata ya sami kaddarorin maganadisu daidai da abin da aka bayar.
Ƙarfin Filin – H (Oersted) Ƙarfin da ke nuna girman ƙarfin filin.H = .4 π NI/le (Oersted)
Flux Density – B (Gaussian) Madaidaicin madaidaicin filin maganadisu da aka jawo a yankin na al'ada zuwa hanyar juzu'i.
Impedance – Z (ohm) Za a iya bayyana rashin ƙarfi na ferrite bisa ga hadaddun iyawarsa.Z = jωLs + Rs = jω Lo(μs'- jμs”) (ohm)
Rashin Tangent - tan δ Asarar tangent na ferrite daidai yake da ma'aunin da'irar Q.
Factor Loss – tan δ/μi Kawar lokaci tsakanin muhimman abubuwan da ke tattare da ɗimbin ƙarfin maganadisu da ƙarfin filin tare da iyawar farko.
Ƙarfin Magnetic - μ Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfin maganadisu da aka samo daga rabon ƙarfin maganadisu da ƙarfin filin da ake amfani da shi shine ...
Matsakaicin girman girman, μa – lokacin da ƙayyadadden ƙimar yawan juzu'i ya fi ƙimar da aka yi amfani da shi don haɓakar farko.
Ingantacciyar Permeability, μe - Lokacin da aka gina hanyar maganadisu tare da raƙuman iska ɗaya ko sama da haka, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan abu ne mai ƙima wanda zai ba da ƙin yarda.
In Compliance shine farkon tushen labarai, bayanai, ilimi da kuma kwarjini ga ƙwararrun injiniyan lantarki da na lantarki.
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