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Me zai faru idan kun sanya inductor da capacitors a cikin kewayawa? Wani abu mai sanyi-kuma yana da mahimmanci a zahiri.
Kuna iya yin nau'ikan inductor iri-iri daban-daban, amma nau'in da aka fi sani shine nada silindi-a solenoid.
Lokacin da halin yanzu ke wucewa ta madauki na farko, yana haifar da filin maganadisu wanda ke ratsa sauran madaukai. Sai dai in girman girman ya canza, filin maganadisu ba zai yi tasiri sosai ba. na wannan filin lantarki yana haifar da canjin ƙarfin lantarki kamar baturi.
A ƙarshe, muna da na'ura mai yuwuwar bambance-bambance daidai da adadin lokacin canjin halin yanzu (saboda na yanzu yana haifar da filin maganadisu) ana iya rubuta wannan azaman:
Akwai abubuwa guda biyu da za a nuna a cikin wannan ma'auni. Na farko, L shine inductance. Ya dogara ne kawai akan geometry na solenoid (ko kowane irin siffar da kake da shi), kuma ana auna darajarsa a cikin siffar Henry. Na biyu, akwai ragi. Alamar.Wannan yana nufin cewa canjin yuwuwar a fadin inductor ya saba wa canjin halin yanzu.
Yaya inductance ke aiki a cikin kewayawa? Idan kuna da halin yanzu na yau da kullum, to, babu canji (direct current), don haka babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a fadin inductor - yana aiki kamar dai ba ya wanzu. Idan akwai a high-frequency current (AC circuit), za a sami babban bambanci mai yuwuwa a fadin inductor.
Hakazalika, akwai nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na capacitors. Siffa mafi sauƙi yana amfani da faranti guda biyu masu kama da juna, kowannensu yana da caji (amma cajin gidan yanar gizon ba shi da kome).
Cajin da ke kan waɗannan faranti yana haifar da filin lantarki a cikin capacitor.Saboda wutar lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin faranti dole ne kuma ya canza. Darajar wannan bambanci mai mahimmanci ya dogara da adadin cajin. rubuta kamar:
Anan C shine ƙimar capacitance a cikin farads-shima yana dogara ne kawai akan tsarin jiki na na'urar.
Idan halin yanzu ya shiga cikin capacitor, ƙimar cajin akan allon zai canza. Idan akwai na yau da kullun (ko ƙananan mitar) halin yanzu, na yanzu zai ci gaba da ƙara caji zuwa faranti don ƙara ƙarfin, don haka a kan lokaci, yuwuwar zai ƙarshe. zama kamar buɗaɗɗen kewayawa, kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki zai kasance daidai da ƙarfin baturi (ko samar da wutar lantarki) Idan kana da babban ƙarfin halin yanzu, za a ƙara cajin kuma a ɗauke shi daga faranti a cikin capacitor, kuma ba tare da caji ba. tarawa, capacitor zai yi kamar babu shi.
A ce mun fara da capacitor da aka caje kuma mu haɗa shi zuwa inductor (babu juriya a cikin kewayawa saboda ina amfani da cikakkiyar wayoyi na jiki).Ka yi tunanin lokacin da aka haɗa su biyu. Da ace akwai canji, to zan iya zana. zane mai zuwa.
Wannan shi ne abin da ke faruwa. Na farko, babu wani halin yanzu (saboda mai kunnawa yana buɗewa) .Da zarar an rufe maɓallin, za a sami halin yanzu, ba tare da juriya ba, wannan halin yanzu zai yi tsalle zuwa rashin iyaka. Duk da haka, wannan babban karuwa a halin yanzu yana nufin cewa yuwuwar da aka samar a fadin inductor zai canza.A wani lokaci, yuwuwar canjin canji a cikin inductor zai fi girma fiye da canjin capacitor (saboda capacitor yana rasa caji yayin da yake gudana), sannan na yanzu zai juya ya sake cajin capacitor. .Wannan tsari zai ci gaba da maimaitawa-saboda babu juriya.
Ana kiran shi da da'irar LC saboda yana da inductor (L) da capacitor (C) - Ina tsammanin wannan a bayyane yake. Canjin da za a iya canzawa a kusa da dukan da'irar dole ne ya zama sifili (saboda shi ne sake zagayowar) don in iya rubuta:
Dukansu Q da ni suna canzawa akan lokaci. Akwai haɗi tsakanin Q da I saboda halin yanzu shine lokacin canjin caji yana barin capacitor.
Yanzu ina da ma'auni na bambance-bambancen oda na biyu na ma'aunin caji.
Wannan kusan daidai yake da mafita ga taro akan bazara (sai dai a cikin wannan yanayin, an canza matsayi, ba cajin) ba. warware wannan matsalar.Bari in fara da dabi'u masu zuwa:
Don magance wannan matsala ta lambobi, zan rarraba matsalar zuwa ƙananan matakai na lokaci. A kowane mataki, zan:
Ina tsammanin wannan yana da kyau sosai. Ko da mafi kyau, za ku iya auna lokacin oscillation na kewayawa (amfani da linzamin kwamfuta don yin shawagi kuma ku sami darajar lokaci), sannan ku yi amfani da hanyar da ta biyo baya don kwatanta shi tare da mitar angular da ake sa ran:
Tabbas, zaku iya canza wasu abubuwan cikin shirin kuma ku ga abin da ya faru - ci gaba, ba za ku lalata komai ba har abada.
Samfurin da ke sama ba gaskiya ba ne.Hanyoyin kewayawa na ainihi (musamman dogon wayoyi a cikin inductor) suna da juriya.Idan ina so in haɗa wannan resistor a cikin ƙirara, kewayawa zai yi kama da haka:
Wannan zai canza madaidaicin madauki na wutar lantarki. Yanzu kuma za a sami kalmar yuwuwar faɗuwar da ke tsakanin resistor.
Zan iya sake amfani da haɗin kai tsakanin caji da halin yanzu don samun ma'auni mai zuwa mai zuwa:
Bayan ƙara resistor, wannan zai zama ma'auni mafi wahala, kuma ba za mu iya kawai "tunanin" mafita ba. Duk da haka, bai kamata ya zama da wuya a gyara lissafin lambobi na sama don magance wannan matsala ba. A gaskiya ma, kawai canji. shine layin da ke ƙididdige ƙididdiga na biyu na caji. Na ƙara lokaci a can don bayyana juriya (amma ba tsari na farko ba) Yin amfani da 3 ohm resistor, Ina samun sakamako mai zuwa (danna maɓallin kunnawa don kunna shi).
Haka ne, za ku iya canza dabi'un C da L, amma ku yi hankali. Idan sun yi ƙasa da ƙasa, mitar za ta yi girma sosai kuma kuna buƙatar canza girman matakin lokaci zuwa ƙarami.
Lokacin da kuke yin samfurin (ta hanyar bincike ko hanyoyin lambobi), wani lokacin ba ku sani ba da gaske ko doka ce ko gabaɗaya. saitin.
Wannan shine yadda yake aiki.Na farko, na yi amfani da batura nau'in D guda uku don cajin capacitors. Zan iya sanin lokacin da capacitor ya kusan cika caji ta hanyar kallon wutar lantarki a cikin capacitor. Na gaba, cire haɗin baturin sannan kuma rufe sauyawa zuwa Fitar da capacitor ta cikin inductor.The resistor wani bangare ne na waya kawai-bani da wani resistor daban.
Na gwada nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na capacitors da inductor, kuma a ƙarshe na sami wani aiki. A wannan yanayin, na yi amfani da capacitor 5 μF da kuma tsohon mai canzawa mara kyau a matsayin inductor na (ba a nuna a sama) ba. Ban tabbata ba game da ƙimar darajar. da inductance, don haka kawai na kimanta mitar kusurwa kuma na yi amfani da ƙimar ƙarfin da na sani don warwarewa don inductance na Henry na 13.6. Don juriya, na yi ƙoƙari na auna wannan darajar tare da ohmmeter, amma ta amfani da darajar 715 ohms a cikin samfurin na ya yi aiki. mafi kyau.
Wannan jadawali ne na ƙirar ƙirata da ma'aunin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin ainihin kewaye (Na yi amfani da binciken ƙarfin lantarki na Vernier don samun ƙarfin lantarki a matsayin aikin lokaci).
Ba daidai ba ne - amma yana kusa da ni. Babu shakka, zan iya daidaita ma'auni kadan don samun mafi dacewa, amma ina tsammanin wannan yana nuna cewa samfurin na ba mahaukaci ba ne.
Babban fasalin wannan kewaye na LRC shine cewa yana da wasu mitoci na halitta waɗanda suka dogara da ƙimar L da C. A ce na yi wani abu dabam. Idan na haɗa tushen wutar lantarki mai motsi zuwa wannan kewayen LRC? Matsakaicin halin yanzu a cikin kewayawa ya dogara da mitar tushen wutar lantarki na oscillating.Lokacin da mitar wutar lantarki da kewayen LC suka kasance iri ɗaya, zaku sami matsakaicin halin yanzu.
Bututu mai foil na aluminum shine capacitor, kuma bututu mai waya shine inductor. Tare da (diode da earpiece) waɗannan sun zama rediyon crystal. Ee, na haɗa shi tare da wasu kayayyaki masu sauƙi (Na bi umarnin akan wannan YouTube. Ainihin ra'ayin shine daidaita dabi'un capacitors da inductor don "tune" zuwa takamaiman tashar rediyo. (ko inductor dina ya karye) .Duk da haka, na ga cewa wannan tsohuwar kit ɗin rediyon crystal tana aiki mafi kyau.
Na sami tashar da ba zan iya ji ba, don haka ina tsammanin rediyon da na yi da kaina ba zai isa ya karɓi tasha ba. Amma ta yaya daidai wannan aikin da'ira na RLC yake yi, kuma ta yaya kuke samun siginar sauti daga gare ta? Wataƙila. Zan ajiye shi a rubutu na gaba.
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