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Ko da yake shaƙewar yanayin gama gari sananne ne, madadin zai iya zama tacewa na monolithic EMI. Lokacin da aka tsara shi yadda ya kamata, waɗannan abubuwan yumbura masu yawa suna ba da ƙin amo na yau da kullun.
Abubuwa da yawa suna ƙara yawan tsangwama na "amo" wanda zai iya lalata ko tsoma baki tare da ayyuka na kayan lantarki. Motocin yau sune babban misali. A cikin mota, za ku sami Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, tauraron dan adam rediyo, tsarin GPS, da kuma Wannan shine farkon. Don sarrafa wannan tsangwama na amo, masana'antu yawanci suna amfani da garkuwa da EMI tacewa don kawar da hayaniya maras so.Amma wasu hanyoyin gargajiya don kawar da EMI/RFI ba su isa ba.
Wannan matsalar tana haifar da OEM da yawa don guje wa yin amfani da bambancin 2-capacitor, 3-capacitor (capacitor X ɗaya da 2 Y capacitors), masu tacewa, shaƙewar yanayin gama gari, ko haɗin waɗannan don ingantaccen bayani mai dacewa kamar tace monolithic EMI tare da mafi kyawun ƙin amo a cikin ƙaramin kunshin.
Lokacin da kayan lantarki suka karɓi igiyoyin lantarki masu ƙarfi, za a iya jawo igiyoyin da ba a so a cikin da'irar kuma su haifar da aiki mara niyya - ko tsoma baki tare da aikin da aka yi niyya.
EMI/RFI na iya kasancewa a cikin sifar da aka gudanar ko kuma ta hasashe.Lokacin da aka gudanar da EMI, ana nufin hayaniya tana tafiya tare da na'urorin lantarki.Radiated EMI yana faruwa ne lokacin da hayaniya ke tafiya ta cikin iska a cikin sigar maganadisu ko igiyoyin rediyo.
Ko da makamashin da ake amfani da shi daga waje kaɗan ne, idan ya haɗu da raƙuman rediyo da ake amfani da su don watsa shirye-shirye da sadarwa, zai iya haifar da asarar liyafar, ƙarar ƙarar sauti, ko katsewar bidiyo. lalata kayan lantarki.
Tushen sun haɗa da hayaniya ta yanayi (misali, fitarwar lantarki, walƙiya, da sauran hanyoyin) da hayaniya ta mutum (misali, hayaniyar lamba, yoyo kayan aiki ta amfani da mitoci masu yawa, hayaƙin da ba'a so, da sauransu) Yawanci, hayaniyar EMI/RFI ita ce hayaniyar yanayin gama gari. , don haka mafita ita ce a yi amfani da tacewa na EMI don cire manyan mitoci maras so, ko dai a matsayin na'ura daban ko a saka a cikin allon kewayawa.
EMI Filters EMI filters yawanci sun ƙunshi abubuwan da ba za a iya amfani da su ba, kamar capacitors da inductor, waɗanda ke haɗa su don ƙirƙirar da'ira.
"Inductors suna ba da damar DC ko ƙananan mitar halin yanzu don wucewa yayin da suke toshe igiyoyin da ba'a so, maras so. Capacitors suna ba da hanyar da ba ta da ƙarfi don karkatar da ƙara mai ƙarfi daga shigarwar tacewa zuwa haɗin wutar lantarki ko ƙasa,” in ji Christophe Cambrelin na kamfanin capacitor Johanson Dielectrics.EMI tace.
Hanyoyin tacewa na al'ada sun haɗa da matattara masu ƙarancin wucewa ta amfani da capacitors waɗanda ke wucewa da sigina tare da mitoci ƙasa da zaɓin mitar yankewa da rage sigina tare da mitoci sama da mitar yanke.
Mahimmin farawa na yau da kullum shine amfani da nau'i-nau'i na capacitors a cikin nau'i mai ban sha'awa, tare da capacitor guda ɗaya tsakanin kowane alamar shigarwar bambancin da ƙasa.Mafita masu ƙarfi a kowace kafa suna karkatar da EMI/RFI zuwa ƙasa sama da ƙayyadaddun yanke yanke. aika sigina na saɓani biyu akan wayoyi biyu, ana inganta sigina-zuwa amo yayin da ake aika ƙarar da ba'a so zuwa ƙasa.
"Abin takaici, ƙimar ƙarfin MLCCs tare da dielectrics X7R (wanda aka fi amfani da shi don wannan aikin) na iya bambanta sosai tare da lokaci, ƙarfin lantarki da zafin jiki," in ji Cambrelin.
"Don haka ko da yake capacitors guda biyu suna dacewa da juna a wani lokaci a cikin zafin jiki a cikin ƙaramin wuta, mai yiwuwa su ƙare da ƙima daban-daban sau ɗaya lokaci, ƙarfin lantarki ko canjin yanayin zafi. Wannan rashin daidaituwa tsakanin wayoyi biyu Matching zai haifar da martani mara daidaituwa kusa da yanke tace. Don haka, yana jujjuya surutu na gama-gari zuwa hayaniyar daban.”
Wani bayani shine don ƙaddamar da babban darajar "X" capacitor tsakanin biyu "Y" capacitors. The "X" capacitive shunt yana ba da ma'auni na yau da kullum, amma kuma yana da tasirin da ba'a so ba na bambance-bambancen sigina. kuma madadin ƙarancin izinin wucewa shine shaƙewar yanayin gama gari.
Tsarin yanayin gama gari shine na'urar wuta ta 1: 1 tare da duka windings suna aiki azaman firamare da sakandare. A wannan hanya, na yanzu ta hanyar iska ɗaya yana haifar da sabanin halin yanzu a cikin ɗayan. zuwa gazawar rawar jiki.
Duk da haka, a dace na kowa yanayin shake tare da cikakken matching da hada guda biyu tsakanin windings ne m ga bambancin sigina da kuma yana da high impedance zuwa na kowa yanayin noise.One hasara na kowa yanayin shaƙa ne da iyaka mita kewayon saboda parasitic capacitance.For a ba core abu. , mafi girman inductance da aka yi amfani da shi don samun ƙarancin tacewa, ana buƙatar ƙarin juzu'i, don haka yana haifar da iyawar parasitic waɗanda ba za su iya wuce yawan tacewa ba.
Rashin daidaituwa tsakanin windings saboda jurewar masana'antu na inji yana haifar da sauyawa yanayi, inda wani ɓangare na makamashin siginar ya canza zuwa hayaniyar yanayi na yau da kullum da kuma akasin haka.Wannan halin da ake ciki zai iya haifar da daidaituwa na electromagnetic da al'amurran rigakafi. Rashin daidaituwa kuma yana rage ingantaccen inductance na kowace kafa.
Ko da kuwa, shaƙewar yanayin gama gari suna da fa'ida mai mahimmanci fiye da sauran zaɓuɓɓuka lokacin da siginar banbanta (wuce ta) ke aiki a cikin kewayon mitar mitoci iri ɗaya da hayaniyar yanayin gama gari wanda dole ne a ƙi.Amfani da shaƙewar yanayin gama gari, ana iya ƙara siginar wucewa zuwa ga na kowa yanayin kin amincewa band.
Monolithic EMI Filters Ko da yake na kowa yanayin shaƙewa ne sananne, monolithic EMI tace kuma za a iya amfani da monolithic EMI tace.Lokacin da aka shimfida yadda ya kamata, wadannan multilayer yumbu kayayyakin samar da kyau na kowa-yanayin amo rejection.Sun hada biyu daidaita shunt capacitors a daya kunshin domin juna inductance sokewa da garkuwa .Waɗannan matattarar suna amfani da hanyoyin lantarki daban-daban guda biyu a cikin na'ura ɗaya da aka haɗa da haɗin waje guda huɗu.
Don kauce wa rikicewa, ya kamata a lura da cewa monolithic EMI filters ba na gargajiya feedthrough capacitors.Ko da yake sun yi kama daya (daya marufi da kuma bayyanar), sun bambanta sosai a cikin zane, kuma ba a haɗa su a cikin hanya guda. Kamar sauran EMI. tacewa, monolithic EMI tacewa suna rage duk kuzari sama da ƙayyadadden mitar yankewa kuma zaɓi don wuce ƙarfin siginar da ake so kawai, yayin karkatar da hayaniyar da ba'a so zuwa "ƙasa".
Duk da haka, maɓalli yana da ƙananan inductance da matching impedance. Domin monolithic EMI tacewa, tashoshi suna da alaka da ciki zuwa na kowa tunani (garkuwa) lantarki a cikin na'urar, da kuma faranti sun rabu da reference electrode.Electrostatically, uku lantarki nodes. ana samun su ta hanyar halves masu ƙarfi guda biyu waɗanda ke raba na'urar magana ta gama gari, duk suna cikin jikin yumbu guda ɗaya.
Ma'auni tsakanin rabi biyu na capacitor kuma yana nufin cewa tasirin piezoelectric daidai yake da kuma akasin haka, yana soke juna. Wannan dangantaka kuma tana rinjayar yanayin zafi da bambancin wutar lantarki, don haka abubuwan da ke kan layi biyu suna girma daidai. Idan akwai daya daga cikin waɗannan EMI monolithic. masu tacewa, shine ba za su yi aiki ba idan hayaniyar yanayin gama gari ta kasance a mitar iri ɗaya da siginar banbanta.” A wannan yanayin, shaƙewar yanayin gama gari shine mafi kyawun mafita,” in ji Cambrelin.
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